Citing Electronic Resources in APA & MLA Style
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| Type of Resource | APA Style Format | APA Style Example |
| If you don't know any of the elements in a citation, leave them out. For example, the first citation below has no author, so the year follows the title. "n.d." stands for "no date.") | ||
| Citing a Webpage | Author(s) (if known) (Year of publication). Title. Retrieved Month Date, Year from source.1 | Writing for the Web (n.d.). Retrieved August 14, 2001 from: http://www.useit.com/papers/webwriting/ 1 |
| Citing an article in a database (eg. Firstsearch, Infotrac, Lexis-Nexis) | Author(s). (Date of publication). Article title. Periodical title, Volume (issue), pages. Retrieved Month Day, Year from name of database.1 | Schneiderman, R. A. (1997). Librarians can make sense of the Net. San Antonio Business Journal, 11(31), pp. 58+. Retrieved January 27, 1999 from Infotrac Expanded Academic ASAP database.1 |
| Citing a newspaper article in a database (eg. Lexis-Nexis, UMI) | Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Newspaper, beginning page of article+. Retrieved Month Day, Year from name of database.1 | Schwartz, J. (1993, January 12). Citing sources can be really hard. New York Times, pp. 24+. Retrieved March 24, 1998 from Lexis-Nexis.1 |
| Citing email correspondence | Personal communications are not cited in the reference list. The format in text is as follows: Author of email (personal communication, Month Day, Year). | K. G. Smith is "looking forward to the trip"
(personal communication, January 12, 2000). or Many people are expected to go (K. G. Smith, personal communication, January 12, 2000). |
| "To cite a specific part of a source, indicate the page, chapter, figure, table, or equation at the appropriate point in text. Always give page numbers for quotations." If there are no pages, use paragraph numbers or sections of document. (Smith & Wesson, 1999, p. 6) or (Presley, 2000, chap. 2).1 | ||
| 1. APA Style Electronic References (2001). Retrieved Aug 15, 2001, from http://www.apastyle.org/elecmedia.html. | ||
| Type of Resource | MLA Style Format | MLA Style Example |
| Citing a Webpage | Author/editor. Full title of the web page. Date of publication or last revision. Name of sponsor or company. Date accessed {URL}. | Willett, Perry. WWW Resources for English and American Literature. 24 Sep. 1998. Indiana U. Bloomington Lib. 8 Jan. 1999 {http://www.indiana. edu/~libsalc/pwillett/english-www.html}. |
| Citing a journal or newspaper article in a database to which the library subscribes (eg. Firstsearch, Infotrac, Lexis-Nexis) | Author(s). "Title of the article. (Subtitle)." Periodical Title volume, issue number (Date of publication): pages or length of article. Company/producer of database. Name of database. Name of Service. Name, city, and state abbreviation of library accessed. Date accessed {Database URL}.2 | Hellwege, Jean. "Vendor-neutral citation system is gaining popularity." Trial 32.6 (1996): 2 pp. Expanded Academic ASAP. InfoTrac. Farmingdale State, Farmingdale, NY. 21 Mar. 2000 {http://infotrac.galegroup.com/}.2 |
| Citing a posting to an archived Listserv or discussion list | Author. Heading from Subject line. Online posting. Date posted. Name of List.
Date retrieved |
Holland, Norman. "Overcoming Depression." Online Posting. 19 Mar. 1997. Psyart. 21 Mar. 1997 {http://web.clas.ufl.edu/ipsa/psyart.htm}.2 |
| Citing a Personal Homepage | Author. Title of home page (if given). Date accessed. |
Lancashire, Ian. Home page. 1 May 1998 {http://www.chass.utoronto.ca:8080/~ian/index.html}.2 |
| Citing email correspondence | Author's last name, first name. "Subject Line of E-mail". E-mail to name of person. Date e-mailed: day Mon. year. (omit any information not available)2 | Boyle, Anthony T. "Re: Utopia." E-mail to Daniel J. Cahill. 31 July, 1999. 2 |
| Parenthetical references are the same in electronic and print formats. 3 | ||
| 2. Gibaldi, J. (1999). MLA Handbook for writers of research papers. New York: Modern Language Association. | ||
| 3. Modern Language Association (2000). MLA Style-Documenting Sources from the World Wide Web. New York: Modern Language Association. Retrieved February 18, 2000 from the World Wide Web: {http://www.mla.org/} | ||