The placement of parenthetical documentation varies according to how you place the author's name in your text, but the same information is always given: author's name, date of publication, and page numbers where the information can be found. You must place a parenthetical note after all information obtained from outside sources whether you quote authors directly or paraphrase and summarize their findings. All page numbers are preceded by a p. or pp.

Dr. Jones (1975) said, "The problem of the homeless will not be solved in the near future" (p. 25).

"The problem of the homeless will not be solved in the near future" (Jones, 1975, p. 25).

Works are differentiated by their dates, so you do not have to do anything special to point out separate works. If an author has more than one work in a year, designate the works with a letter, 1986a, 1986b, in the reference list and do the same in parenthetical documentation.

A recent Time magazine article stated that Prodigy, a computer information network, has recently been accused of unjust rate hikes (Big Brother or Big Bother?," 1991, May 13, p.47).

Block quotations are done as follows: a) do not use quotation marks; b) indent the left margin five spaces; c) do not indent the right margin; d) double space; e) place the period before the parentheses.

According to Michael D. Lemonick (1991, May 13), Still, there is nothing in the laws of physics that says time cannot run backward. Einstein's equations of motion work equally well, mathematically, when the direction of time is reversed. (74)

The reference section in a technical report is entitled "References." It contains a bibliographic entry for every source you used and follows immediately after the text. Do not place it on a separate sheet. Below are general guidelines for overall format followed by specific examples.

Center and capitalize the word "references"at the beginning of your list. Double space before beginning your bibliographic entries.

Alphabetize your list according to author's 's last name. Where there is no author, use the first important word in the title. Do not use "the,"" a," or " an."

Present information for all entries in the following order: author's name, date of publication, title, place of publication, and publisher's name.

Double space the entire list.

If an entry runs more than one line, the other lines are indented 3 spaces.

Use only initials for an author's first and middle names. Put a period and a space between them.

Do not capitalize the words in a title except for the first word and proper nouns.

Do not put quotation marks around titles of articles.

Underline or italicize the titles of books, magazines, newspapers, brochures, pamphlets, and journals.

If there are two or more works by the same author written in different years, put the most recent one first. If they are written in the same year, designate them by a letter following the date, (1986a) or (1986b). Use the alphabetical designation in your parenthetical notes as well.

Ezra, A. A. (1973). Principles and practice of explosive metalworking. London:

   Portcullis Press.

Brescia, F., Mehlman, S., Pelligrini, F. C., & Stambler, S. (1978). Chemistry: a

   modern  introduction (2nd. ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.

United States Department of Health. (1977). The status of the homeless.

    Washington, D.C:  Author.

Treat the brochure like a book. If there is an identification number, place it in parentheses after the title.

Brescia, F., Mehlman, S., Pelligrini, F. C., & Stambler, S. (1978). Chemistry: a

   modern introduction (2nd. ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.

Simms, H. (1996). Elephants. Encyclopedia Americana.

Bodner, S. R. & Spiers, W. G. (1965). Large deformation of a rigid, ideally plastic

   cantilever  beam. Journal of applied mechanics, 32, p. 295.

Anselmo, J.C. (1997, March 17). No end in sight for space business boom. Aviation

   Week and Space Technology, p. 73.

Talan, J. (1997, June 3). Exploring vitamin A's therapeutic potential. Newsday,

   Sec. B, p. 29.

The APA does not suggest entries for personal or telephone interviews or for letters. But since they are often useful tools in researching a technical article, the proper format is listed below:

Note: In documenting letters and interviews, always give the person's title and company if such information is relevant to the subject of your research.

Hibbs, W. (1997, May 1). (Personal Interview. Retired Director, Operations

   Engineering,  Pan American World Airways, New York, NY).

Telephone Interview:

Brown, R. (1997, March 16). (Telephone interview. Systems Manager, Flight

   Operations,  Delta Air Lines, Atlanta, GA).

Brown, R. (1997, March 16). (Personal Letter. Systems Manager, Flight Operations,

   Delta Air Lines, Atlanta, GA)